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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Otto I. Reisman, Robert O. Parker
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 63 | Number 2 | June 1977 | Pages 188-191
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A27022
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In 1958 Siegel et al. derived a thermal-entry-length integral solution for laminar flow in circular tubes with an arbitrary wall heat flux. From this we derived a solution for a step-varying flux. The objective of this research was to obtain experimental data to verify the accuracy of the above solution. The steps used were a good approximation of the sinusoidal heat flux, which exists along the cooling tube in nuclear reactors. The experimental results fell above the theoretical solution, the average difference being 10.9%. Thus, the step-varying wall heat flux solution may be used for the design of cooling systems within that uncertainty.