ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 15–18, 2026
Phoenix, AZ|Arizona Grand Resort & Spa
Latest Magazine Issues
Sep 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Westinghouse, Nordion, and PSEG team up to produce Co‑60 in the United States
This past January, Westinghouse Electric Company, Nordion, and PSEG Nuclear formalized agreements to implement newly developed cobalt-60 production technology at Units 1 and 2 of PSEG’s Salem nuclear power plant in New Jersey, with the Co-60 to be supplied to Nordion. Through an ongoing joint initiative, the companies aim to harness U.S. pressurized water reactors to produce a key medical isotope and build the first commercial-scale Co-60 production platform in the United States.
Dwight W. Underhill
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 63 | Number 2 | June 1977 | Pages 133-142
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A27016
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Measurements of the release of fission gases from spilled charcoal were made by means of a laboratory scale model developed for this study. It is shown that there is an appreciable retention of fission gases in charcoal and that the release rate can be determined from diffusion theory. For example, from a 1-ft-thick layer of spilled charcoal, it was found that 4.5% of the xenon and 21% of the krypton would be released after 6 h, and that 6.6 and 29%, respectively, would be released after 12 h. These results are in close agreement with the mathematical model developed for the analysis of these experiments. Similar release rates were found for spilled charcoal initially chilled to 0°F. These release rates are conservative because the effect of radioactive decay was neglected, and for this reason a theory was developed that includes the effect of radioactive decay within the spilled charcoal. The combined effects of a slow release rate and radiodecay will serve to mitigate the radiological consequences of a charcoal spill accident.