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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
J. K. Dickens
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 63 | Number 1 | May 1977 | Pages 101-109
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A27011
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Interactions of neutrons with 208Pb have been studied by measuring photon production cross sections. Gamma-ray spectra were obtained at incidentneutron energies of 4.9, 5.4, 6.4, 6.95, 7.45, and 8.0 MeV with a gamma-ray detector system utilizing a 48-cm3 Ge(Li) detector. Nearly monoenergetic neutrons were obtained from the D(d, n) reaction using deuterons obtained from the (pulsed) Oak Ridge National Laboratory 5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator. Time-of-flight was used to discriminate against pulses due to neutrons and background radiation. Extracted differential and total inelastic cross sections have been compared with previous measurements and with data from the ENDF/B evaluation with generally satisfactory results. New information on the level structure of 208Pb is reported. Data were also obtained at En = 5.4 MeV for a sample of natural bismuth, and new information on the level structure of 209Bi was obtained. Differential gamma-ray production cross sections were obtained, and the total inelastic cross section at En = 5.4 MeV was deduced from these data.