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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
G. S. Sidhu, W. E. Farley, L. F. Hansen, T. Komoto, B. Pohl, C. Wong
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 63 | Number 1 | May 1977 | Pages 48-54
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A27003
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We have measured the spectra of neutrons and secondary gamma rays emerging from a liquid-nitrogen sphere of 129.3-cm radius with a 14-MeV neutron source at its center. Time-of-flight techniques were used to obtain the detailed data and to minimize background. To compare the measurements with calculations, we folded the detector efficiencies and appropriate experimental parameters into the calculated output of TARTNP, a coupled neutron-photon Monte Carlo transport code utilizing the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Evaluated Neutron Data Library, September 1975. The calculated neutron spectra show fair agreement with the measurements, and the calculated gamma-ray spectrum is nearly the same as the corresponding measured spectrum. The total biological dose derived from these measurements is in good agreement with the calculations and provides a benchmark for a dose-versus-range curve obtained by TARTNP calculations.