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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
S. N. Cramer, E. M. Oblow
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 62 | Number 3 | March 1977 | Pages 532-549
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A26990
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Monte Carlo transport calculations were made to analyze the results of two integral measurements of neutron scattering and gamma-ray production from liquid nitrogen samples. The experimental data from Intelcom Radiation Technology and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) were given as angular-dependent NE-213 detector count rates of neutrons and gamma rays scattered from a spherical nitrogen Dewar pulsed with a 1- to 20-MeV neutron source. ORNL results also included unfolded neutron and gamma-ray spectra as a function of detector angle in broad incident neutron energy bins. Multigroup Monte Carlo calculations using the MORSE code and ENDF/B-IV nitrogen cross-section data were made to analyze all reported results. Comparisons of calculated and measured results indicate that no major deficiencies exist in the ENDF/B-IV gamma-ray production data, in contrast to the conclusions drawn from studies in previous years. Deficiencies, however, were found in the neutron data, primarily in the elastic and inelastic data above 9 MeV and in the elastic angular distribution data around 5 MeV.