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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
S. N. Cramer, E. M. Oblow
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 62 | Number 3 | March 1977 | Pages 532-549
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A26990
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Monte Carlo transport calculations were made to analyze the results of two integral measurements of neutron scattering and gamma-ray production from liquid nitrogen samples. The experimental data from Intelcom Radiation Technology and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) were given as angular-dependent NE-213 detector count rates of neutrons and gamma rays scattered from a spherical nitrogen Dewar pulsed with a 1- to 20-MeV neutron source. ORNL results also included unfolded neutron and gamma-ray spectra as a function of detector angle in broad incident neutron energy bins. Multigroup Monte Carlo calculations using the MORSE code and ENDF/B-IV nitrogen cross-section data were made to analyze all reported results. Comparisons of calculated and measured results indicate that no major deficiencies exist in the ENDF/B-IV gamma-ray production data, in contrast to the conclusions drawn from studies in previous years. Deficiencies, however, were found in the neutron data, primarily in the elastic and inelastic data above 9 MeV and in the elastic angular distribution data around 5 MeV.