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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Tejbir Singh, Paramjeet Kaur, Parjit S. Singh
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 156 | Number 2 | June 2007 | Pages 229-243
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE07-A2699
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, and electron density of 12 organic acids, acetic acid (C2H4O2), acrylic acid (C3H4O2), benzoic acid (C7H6O2), butyric acid (C4H8O2), citric acid (C6H8O7), formic acid (CH2O2), lactic acid (C3H6O3), malic acid (C4H6O5), oxalic acid (C2H2O4), salicylic acid (C7H6O3), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), and valeric acid (C5H10O2), were computed in the wide energy range of incident photon energies from 1 keV to 100 GeV. The variation of these parameters has been studied as a function of incident photon energy. Further, a comparative study of two different methods used to compute effective atomic number is completed.
