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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
S. L. Gralnick
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 59 | Number 4 | April 1976 | Pages 311-318
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE76-A26833
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A step-wise tensor transformation technique is presented for the transformation of the single energy group transport equation to an arbitrary spatial coordinate system. Both gradient and divergence forms of the equation are given, and the same method is applied to the derivation of the diffusion approximation. We demonstrate that using an orthogonal representation of the propagation vector will simplify the divergence form of the equation. The application of this technique is in the representation of the transport equation in coordinate systems other than the usual rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical ones. Its use is demonstrated by transforming the transport equation to a toroidal coordinate system consisting of nested circular toroids.