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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
H. Ing, W. G. Cross
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 58 | Number 4 | December 1975 | Pages 420-430
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE75-A26797
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Spectra, calculated by Monte Carlo, are presented for neutrons transmitted through various thicknesses of iron from sources of fission neutrons, H2O-moderated fission neutrons, D2O-moderated fission neutrons, and 14.7-MeV neutrons. The sources were located at the center of iron spheres or were in the form of beams incident normally on slabs. Variations in spectral shapes are discussed from the viewpoint of effects on the response of neutron dosimeters. Effective cross sections for threshold detectors 103Rh, 115In, 32S, 237Np, 232Th, and 238U were obtained by averaging the cross sections over the calculated spectra. Average kerma , dose equivalent, and maximum dose per n/cm2 were also calculated. Curves of show the sensitivity of these detectors to spectral changes and permit the computation of correction factors to dosimeter readings.