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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
I. Otic, G. Grötzbach
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 155 | Number 3 | March 2007 | Pages 489-496
Technical Paper | Mathematics and Computation, Supercomputing, Reactor Physics and Nuclear and Biological Applications | doi.org/10.13182/NSE07-A2679
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Results of a direct numerical simulation (DNS) for Rayleigh-Bénard convection for the Rayleigh number Ra = 105 in a fluid with the Prandtl number Pr = 0.025, which corresponds to liquid lead-bismuth, are used to analyze the turbulent heat flux and the temperature variance dissipation rate. The results indicate that application of a thermal or a mixed timescale may considerably improve gradient diffusion and algebraic heat flux models at these Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. Therefore, a good approximation of the temperature variance dissipation rate is required. The standard temperature variance dissipation rate model is investigated using the DNS results. The analysis of the standard model shows the importance of wall functions and qualitatively good predictions by the model for this type of flow. Quantitatively, the model overpredicts the temperature variance dissipation rate evaluated from the results of DNS by ~25%. The two-point correlation method is used to derive new models for the temperature variance dissipation rate. Comparison with DNS results shows qualitatively and quantitatively good predictions by the new models. These new models lead therefore to an increased accuracy of the turbulent heat flux models for this type of flow.