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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Clifton R. Drumm, Wesley C. Fan, Leonard Lorence, Jennifer Liscum-Powell
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 155 | Number 3 | March 2007 | Pages 355-366
Technical Paper | Mathematics and Computation, Supercomputing, Reactor Physics and Nuclear and Biological Applications | doi.org/10.13182/NSE07-A2668
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Charged-particle transport is characterized by scattering cross sections that are extremely large and forward-peaked, requiring specialized treatment as compared with neutral-particle transport. The extended-transport correction (ETC) is known to be an effective method to treat elastic scattering of electrons. We apply the ETC to inelastic downscattering of electrons, and evaluate the effectiveness of the method by comparing the scattering moments for the screened Rutherford scattering kernel and for scattering with a deterministic cosine. The ETC approximation results in a -function in angle downscatter source term, for energy loss without direction change, which has been incorporated into the CEPTRE discrete ordinates code in a manner that is compatible with general quadrature sets, not requiring a specialized Galerkin quadrature. The ETC approximation also makes it possible to develop a first-collision source technique that is effective for charged-particle transport, by including particles that have downscattered in energy without direction change in the uncollided-flux solution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques for problems involving electron beam sources incident on infinite and finite water cylinders and compare the energy- and charge-deposition distributions with ITS Monte Carlo results with good agreement.