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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Hiroshi Mitani
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 51 | Number 2 | June 1973 | Pages 180-188
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE51-180
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A higher order perturbation formula for calculating changes in the reactivity up to a desired order in concise form is given; the formula uses the iterative technique well known in quantum mechanics and in the neutron life-cycle method. This procedure is possible only when the adjoint flux in the unperturbed system is used as the weighting function. The higher order perturbation formula contains the interaction between the perturbation inserted and its surrounding medium, but it consists only of the integration over the perturbed region. Numerical calculations up to the third-order perturbation show that the first-order perturbation technique gives a low value for the reactivity worths of fission, absorption, and scattering materials; further, the n’th-order perturbation is proportional to the n’th power of the concentration of an inserted perturbation.