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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Kuldip Singh, C. C. St. Pierre
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 50 | Number 4 | April 1973 | Pages 382-387
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE73-A26573
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Turbulent mixing rates between adjacent subchannels were obtained at 50 psia for annular flow of air-water mixtures in a simulated square-square rod bundle geometrical array using a tracer technique. The gap spacing was varied by a factor of 5. Mixing rates were found to be flow regime dependent, decreasing exponentially with subchannel mass flux and quality and increasing with gap spacing. Enhanced liquid interchange was measured in the low quality bubble flow regime and high quality annular flow regime. The results presented here are in qualitative agreement with data obtained by other investigators using steam-water at elevated pressures.