ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Edward M. Mouradian, Louis Baker, Jr.
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 15 | Number 4 | April 1963 | Pages 388-394
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE63-A26455
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The burning temperatures and oxidation rates for uranium and zirconium metals in air were investigated analytically. The calculations were based on the assumption that the metal-oxygen reaction is controlled by atmospheric diffusion. Reaction is assumed to be limited by the rate at which oxygen can diffuse through a nitrogen-rich boundary layer. Expressions for mass transfer were obtained by applying the Lewis relation to accepted heat transfer correlations. Calculations were made for the case of vertical plates (foils), horizontal cylinders (wires), and spheres in both natural and forced convection. Characteristic dimensions ranging from 0.02 to 10 cm and flow velocities up to 3162 cm/sec (70 mph) were considered. Computed burning temperatures were compared with experimental measurements of the maximum temperature reached by burning foils of uranium, zirconium, and a zirconium alloy containing 14.9 wt.% titanium in natural convection. Experimental temperatures with zirconium were higher than calculated values while uranium temperatures were somewhat below theoretical. The calculations, however, correctly described the variation of burning temperature with foil width and appear to be good evidence for the proposed model of burning.