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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Melvin Tobias, T. B. Fowler
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 12 | Number 4 | April 1962 | Pages 513-518
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A26099
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An extremely simple iterative procedure is described for performing group-diffusion calculations in two and three dimensions No proofs have been found to guarantee its convergence, but successful experience with a wide variety of problems, some realistic, others with specially introduced difficulties, shows the method to be rapid and reliable. Three large computer programs have been devised embodying the principle: EQUIPOISE-3, TWENTY GRAND, and WHIRLAWAY. The first two are two-dimensional programs, while the third is three-dimensional. If desired, the programs can be used to compute adjoint fluxes and those integrals necessary for perturbation calculations automatically. Possible further applications of the method are suggested.