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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Herbert Goldstein, Jeremiah Certaine
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 10 | Number 1 | May 1961 | Pages 16-23
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE61-A25924
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The moments method has been used to calculate the flux age at 1.44 ev in D2O and D2O-H2O mixtures of neutrons from various point isotropic sources. For the neutrons from a D-D source averaged overall solid angle and operating at a deuteron energy of 200 kev, the age in 99.8% D2O was computed to be 118.6 ± 1.2 cm2, in good agreement with the experimental value of Spiegel and Richardson. The rate of change of age for this source with very small admixtures of H2O was found to be —4.5% per 1% H2O, which agrees with the results of experiment and other calculations. Flux ages to 1.44 ev were also calculated for seven monoenergetic point sources from 2.00 to 2.98 Mev in energy. The approximate linearity of these ages with source energy is used to show that uncertainties in the angular distribution of the D-D source neutrons have a negligible effect on the averaged age. It is also shown that the 2.4 Mev antiresonance in oxygen is manifested in the age in D2O only as a correction to the first flight term.