ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Dec 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
January 2026
Nuclear Technology
December 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
November 2025
Latest News
AI at work: Southern Nuclear’s adoption of Copilot agents drives fleet forward
Southern Nuclear is leading the charge in artificial intelligence integration, with employee-developed applications driving efficiencies in maintenance, operations, safety, and performance.
The tools span all roles within the company, with thousands of documented uses throughout the fleet, including improved maintenance efficiency, risk awareness in maintenance activities, and better-informed decision-making. The data-intensive process of preparing for and executing maintenance operations is streamlined by leveraging AI to put the right information at the fingertips for maintenance leaders, planners, schedulers, engineers, and technicians.
John S. McDonald, T. J. Connolly
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 8 | Number 5 | November 1960 | Pages 369-377
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE60-A25816
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An experiment was performed to investigate the transfer of thermal energy by natural convection from molten sodium to a cold plate. A large tank of sodium was used to simulate a semi-infinite mass of sodium. A horizontal circular plate in intimate contact with the sodium surface was cooled by flowing tetralin which caused its temperature to be lower than the sodium bulk temperature. As a result, natural convection occurred in the sodium and thermal energy was transferred from the sodium to the plate. Data were collected at steady-state conditions for values of the Rayleigh number ranging from 4.8 × 106 to 4 × 107. It was found that the experimental results could be correlated by the expression where Nu is the Nusselt number, and Ra is the Rayleigh number. The calculated probable error in the Nusselt number given by the above equation is 1.08, and the multiple correlation coefficient for the experimental results and the equation is 0.954. The above result is shown to be consistent with the results of other investigators who used different fluids in physical systems somewhat similar to that used in this experiment with sodium.