ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Morton R. Fleishman, Harry Soodak
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 7 | Number 3 | March 1960 | Pages 217-227
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE60-A25705
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Spinrad three-group theory of the fast effect is formulated. Recipes are presented for determining the necessary cross sections directly from fundamental data and three-group cross sections for various materials are tabulated. A comparison is made between the three-group theory and one-group theory with respect to the calculation of R, the ratio of fast-to-thermal fissions, and it is found that the three-group theory appears to give better agreement with experiments. The three-group values of Є — 1 are about 20% higher than those calculated from the one-group formula.