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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Jeffery Lewins, Capt. RE
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 12 | Number 1 | January 1962 | Pages 10-14
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A25363
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The equations describing a reactor system are sometimes nonlinear and do not admit a solution for the neutron density that is separable into a function of time only and a function of the remaining variables. An appropriate variational principle is given by demanding that the calculation of the observable nature of the reactor is insensitive to the value employed for the density, thus obtaining an equation for the optimum distribution of detectors to measure the observable behavior. This optimum weighting function is not identical with the conventional adjoint function or importance in the nonlinear range but the conventional treatment of linear systems is found to be a special case of our general principle. It is shown that the approximate treatment of nonlinear systems as eigenvalue systems is fundamentally unsound.