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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
M. C. Cannon, W. R. Grimes, W. T. Ward, G. M. Watson
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 12 | Number 1 | January 1962 | Pages 4-9
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A25362
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Adsorption isotherms for xenon on AGOT-grade graphite, having a surface area of 0.64 meter2/ gm, were determined at −79, 0, 20, 30, and 80°C in order to determine whether the presence of helium affects the adsorption behavior of xenon. The isotherms obtained from xenon-helium mixtures were essentially the same as those obtained using pure xenon gas. The calculated heats of adsorption for xenon range between 3500 and 3700 cal/mole and approximate the heat of vaporization of 3270 cal/mole reported in the literature. The volume of xenon adsorbed (cm3 at STP) per gram of graphite, a, versus xenon partial pressure, p (mm Hg), may be expressed by the equation a = bp0.8 over the ranges of temperature and pressure investigated. The values of b are 2.14 × 10−4 and 6.33 × 10−5 at 0 and 80°C, respectively. Based on straight line extrapolations of log plots of the adsorption isosteres to higher temperatures, b would have values of 6.5 × 10−6 and 4.1 × 10−6 at 500 and 750°C, respectively. Adsorption isotherms for argon were determined at −83 and 0°C and can be expressed by the same equation indicated above. At −83° and 0°C b has values of 1.00 × 10−4 and 1.60 × 10−5, respectively.