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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
S. N. Cramer
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 149 | Number 3 | March 2005 | Pages 247-258
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE05-A2491
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Bounded next-event estimation coupling of forward and adjoint Monte Carlo histories is possible by biasing the track-length selection of either the forward or adjoint calculation such that the 1/r2 term is eliminated from the estimator. This method is analytic, involving only elementary functions and minimal computer resources. A first-adjoint-collision response distribution from the detector can be created from the general forward-adjoint coupling procedure for use with the standard forward next-event point estimator with no 1/r2 term. This estimation is applicable for both a point detector or a point sampled from a finite detector volume. The truncated, first-adjoint-collision version of the general coupling method requires no actual adjoint calculation, but adjoint scattering probabilities must be made available in the forward estimation procedure. Various aspects of the estimator are investigated, and some simple calculational comparisons with standard methods are presented.