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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Ulrich Grundmann, Sören Kliem, Ulrich Rohde
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 148 | Number 2 | October 2004 | Pages 226-234
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE04-A2453
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The OECD/NRC Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) Turbine Trip Benchmark was analyzed by the code DYN3D and the coupled code system ATHLET/DYN3D. For the exercise 2 benchmark calculations with given thermal-hydraulic boundary conditions of the core, the analyses were performed with the core model DYN3D. Concerning the modeling of the BWR core in the DYN3D code, several simplifications and their influence on the results were investigated. The standard calculations with DYN3D were performed with 764 coolant channels (one channel per fuel assembly), the assembly discontinuity factors (ADF), and the phase slip model of Molochnikov. Comparisons were performed with the results obtained by calculations with 33 thermal-hydraulic channels, without the ADF and with the slip model of Zuber and Findlay. It is shown that the influence on core-averaged values of the steady state and the transient is small. Considering local parameters, the influence of the ADF or the reduced number of coolant channels is not negligible. For the calculations of exercise 3, the DYN3D model validated during the exercise 2 calculations in combination with the ATHLET system model, developed at Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit for exercise 1, has been used. Calculations were performed for the basic scenario as well as for all specified extreme versions. They were carried out using a modified version of the external coupling of the codes, the "parallel" coupling. This coupling shows a stable performance at the low time step sizes necessary for an appropriate description of the feedback during the transient. The influence of assumed failures of different relevant safety systems on the plant and the core behavior was investigated in the calculations of the extreme scenarios. The calculations of exercises 2 and 3 contribute to the validation of DYN3D and ATHLET/DYN3D for BWR systems.