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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Akitoshi Hotta, Minyan Zhang, Hiroshi Shirai
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 148 | Number 2 | October 2004 | Pages 208-225
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE04-A2452
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A coupled plant simulation system TRAC/BF1-ENTRÉE was applied to the Nuclear Energy Agency/National Security Council boiling water reactor turbine trip benchmark. Through regular exercise 3 and extreme scenarios 3 and 4, its adequacy and robustness were validated. It was deduced that the cross-section format and the core boundary conditions are major influential factors causing errors in three-dimensional power predictions. Power swings observed in extreme scenarios were attributed to intermittent void generation and void sweeping driven by rapid pressurization. Based on a series of sensitivity studies for extreme scenario 4, it was confirmed that neglect of in-channel direct heating causes a large positive reactivity insertion and neglect of bypass direct heating causes only a small change in reactivity effects. Specifying an integration time-step size of <1 ms is recommended for keeping the numerical error within an acceptable level. To investigate the detailed in-channel void distribution and its possible influences on the fuel thermal margin, a one-way coupled system between TRAC/BF1-ENTRÉE and the three-field subchannel code NASCA was developed. Detailed void distributions at the upper part of the core where the boiling transition will occur become sufficiently uniform during the major period of the turbine trip event. Their influences on the thermal margin seem negligible.