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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
F. Maekawa, Y. Oyama, C. Konno, M. Wada, Y. Ikeda
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 126 | Number 2 | June 1997 | Pages 187-200
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE97-A24472
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Benchmark experiments for the validation of secondary-gamma-ray data are conducted for iron and Type 316 stainless steel (SS316) shield assemblies bombarded by deuterium-tritium neutrons. Gamma-ray spectra and heating rates for both threshold and capture gamma rays are measured. With the present experimental data for gamma rays, a set of benchmark data for iron and SS316, including neutron energy spectra in entire energies and various dosimetry reaction rates, is completed for the first time. Secondary-gamma-ray data in JENDL-3.1, JENDL-3.2, JENDL-Fusion File, and FENDL/ E-1.0 are tested by benchmark calculation of the experiments. As a result, larger gamma-ray-production cross sections for threshold reactions in JENDL-3.1 and JENDL-3.2 and an inconsistent energy balance of the (n, γ) reactions in JENDL-3.1 are found. From the viewpoint of fusion engineering, the first priority in evaluating secondary-gamma-ray data should be conserving the energy balance. A rigid energy balance in both the JENDL Fusion File and FENDL/E-1.0 is confirmed for both threshold and capture gamma rays. The JENDL Fusion File and FENDL/E-1.0 provide the highly accurate secondary-gamma-ray data for iron and SS316 needed for fusion reactor nuclear design.