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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
M. E. Dunn, L. C. Leal
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 148 | Number 1 | September 2004 | Pages 30-42
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE04-A2438
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A new module, Probability tables for the Unresolved Region using Monte Carlo (PURM), has been developed for the AMPX-2000 cross-section-processing system. PURM uses a Monte Carlo approach to calculate probability tables on an evaluator-defined energy grid in the unresolved-resonance region. For each probability table, PURM samples a Wigner spacing distribution for pairs of resonances surrounding the reference energy (i.e., energy specified in the cross-section evaluation). The resonance distribution is sampled for each spin sequence (i.e., l-J pair), and PURM uses the 3-statistics test to determine the number of resonances to sample for each spin sequence. For each resonance, PURM samples the resonance widths from a chi-square distribution for a specified number of degrees of freedom. Once the resonance parameters are sampled, PURM calculates the total, capture, fission, and scatter cross sections at the reference energy using the single-level Breit-Wigner formalism with appropriate treatment for temperature effects. Probability tables have been calculated and compared with NJOY. The probability tables and cross-section values that are calculated by PURM and NJOY are in agreement, and the verification studies with NJOY establish the computational capability for generating probability tables using the new AMPX module PURM.