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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. L. Perel, J. J. Wagschal, Y. Yeivin
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 124 | Number 1 | September 1996 | Pages 197-209
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A24235
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hall’s differential operator method for the Monte Carlo calculation of sensitivities was extended so as to apply to point-detector-type problems. By this method, the evaluation of the sensitivities of the detector response (or, equivalently, those of the neutron flux at the detector) to material parameters of interest (cross sections, average number of fission neutrons, number densities) is concurrent with that of the very response. In such a Monte Carlo game, the neutron histories, or paths, are sampled, collision by collision, and the calculated contributions of each collision to the response and to its partial derivatives with respect to the parameters of interest are accumulated. For each path, these sums are the estimates for the response and its respective sensitivities. The Monte Carlo evaluations are then the respective averages of the individual path estimates. This procedure was applied to the analysis of the time-of-flight spectra of the leakage from several of the Livermore pulsed spheres. As an illustration, measured and calculated spectra and some calculated sensitivities are depicted and discussed.