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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
M. B. Chadwick, L. J. Cox, P. G. Young, A.S. Meigooni
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 123 | Number 1 | May 1996 | Pages 17-37
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A24210
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We present an evaluation of the interaction of neutrons with energies between 20 and 100 MeV with carbon nuclei. Our aim is to accurately represent integrated cross sections, inclusive emission spectra, and kerma factors, in a data library for use in radiation transport simulations offast neutron radiotherapy. We apply the Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin-GNASH nuclear model code, which includes Hauser-Feshbach, pre-equilibrium, and direct reaction mechanisms, and use experimental measurements to optimize the calculations. We determine total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections; angle-energy-correlated emission spectra for light ejectiles with A ≤ 4 and gamma rays; and average energy depositions. Coupled-channel optical model calculations describe the total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections well. Our results for charged-particle emission spectra agree fairly well with University of California-Davis as well as new Los Alamos National Laboratory and Louvain-la-Neuve measurements. We compare our results with the recent ENDF/B-VI evaluation and argue that some of the exclusive channels between 20 and 32 MeV should be modified. We also compare kerma factors derived from our evaluated cross sections with the measurements, providing an integral benchmark for our work. The evaluated data libraries are available as electronic files.