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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
M. B. Chadwick, P. G. Young
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 123 | Number 1 | May 1996 | Pages 1-16
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A24209
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We present evaluations of the interaction of neutrons with energies between 20 and 100 MeV with oxygen and nitrogen nuclei, which follows from our previous work on carbon. Our aim is to accurately represent integrated cross sections, inclusive emission spectra, and kerma factors, in a data library that can be used in radiation transport calculations. We apply the Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin-GNASH nuclear model code, which includes Hauser-Feshbach, pre-equilibrium, and direct reaction mechanisms, and use experimental measurements to optimize the calculations. We determine total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections; angle-energy-correlated emission spectra for light ejectiles with A ≤ 4 and gamma rays; and average energy depositions. Our results for charged-particle emission spectra agree well with measurements of Subramanian et al. We compare kerma factors derived from our evaluated cross sections with experimental data, providing an integral benchmarking of our work.