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Fusion Science and Technology
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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Tsung-Kuang Yeh, Digby D. Macdonald
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 123 | Number 2 | June 1996 | Pages 295-304
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A24191
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The DAMAGE-PREDICTOR computer code, which has the capability of simultaneously estimating the concentrations of radiolysis species, the electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP), and the crack growth rate (CGR) of a reference crack in sensitized Type 304 stainless steel, is used to evaluate the responses of the Dresden-2 and Duane Arnold boiling water reactors (BWRs) to hydrogen water chemistry (HWC). The HWC simulations for these two BWRs are carried out for feedwater hydrogen concentrations ([H2]FW) ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 parts per million (ppm). Results such as species concentrations (H2, O2, H2O2, etc.), ECP, and CGR are predicted for various components in the heat transport circuits (HTCs) of the two reactors. It is found that while 1.3 ppm of feedwater hydrogen is needed to protect part of the lower downcomer, the recirculation system, and the lower plenum in Dresden-2 from intergranular stress corrosion cracking, only 0.3 ppm is needed to achieve the same goal in Duane Arnold. However, it is also found that the ECP in many regions (core channel, core bypass, upper plenum, downcomer, etc.) in the HTCs cannot be lowered to below the critical corrosion potential of -0.23 VSHE for sensitized Type 304 stainless steels, even when [H2]FW is as high as 2.0 ppm.