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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Sheng Fan, Xiaochun Shi, Fang Yan, Hongzhou Zhang, Zhixiang Zhao
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 147 | Number 1 | May 2004 | Pages 63-72
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE04-A2419
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To simplify the calculation, some assumptions are considered in the current work. The preequilibrium emission in the first step in the equilibrium process, which is characterized by exciton n = 3 and "never come back," is considered in the preequilibrium emission process; the alpha emission is only completed with the neutron and proton emission, and the second particle emission is neglected. Under those assumptions, a semiempirical systematics of the cross section for the (n,) reaction is obtained on the basis of the evaporation and exciton models for the energies ranging up to 20 MeV. Within the nuclide mass region of 23 A 209, a strong dependence on (N - Z + 1)/A and the incident neutron has been observed. The predictions of the semiempirical systematics with the global parameter of the excitation functions for the (n,) reaction are in good agreement with the experimental data.