ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Feb 2026
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
February 2026
Nuclear Technology
January 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Godzilla is helping ITER prepare for tokamak assembly
ITER employees stand by Godzilla, the most powerful commercially available industrial robot available. (Photo: ITER)
Many people are familiar with Godzilla as a giant reptilian monster that emerged from the sea off the coast of Japan, the product of radioactive contamination. These days, there is a new Godzilla, but it has a positive—and entirely fact-based—association with nuclear energy. This one has emerged inside the Tokamak Assembly Preparation Building of ITER in southern France.
J. Sáfár, L. Lakosi
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 115 | Number 4 | December 1993 | Pages 297-299
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE93-A24059
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The cross section of the 93Nb(γ, γ′)93mNb reaction is calculated in the 5- to 30-MeV gamma-energy region in the framework of a gamma-ray cascade model with open nucleon emission channels and including pre-equilibrium contribution. The resulting cross-section curve shows one pronounced peak at the neutron separation energy with an integral of 3.1 mb-MeV up to 12 MeV. Taking into consideration the pre-equilibrium gamma emission, a negligible contribution to the calculated excitation curve results at ∼18 MeV. The influence of gamma background on the response of 93Nb as a neutron fluence monitor is estimated for two practical cases.