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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
W. Knop, H. B. Stuhrmann, R. Wagner, M. Wenkow-EsSouni, J. Zhao, O. Schärpf, M. Krumpolc, K. H. Nierhaus, T. O. Niinikoski, A. Rijllart
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 110 | Number 4 | April 1992 | Pages 316-329
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE92-A23906
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Polarized neutron scattering from clusters of polarized proton spins in solid material provides a new contrast variation method. Frozen solutions of apoferritin and of the large subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes in a mixture of heavy water and deuterated glycerol have been studied at the conditions of dynamic nuclear spin polarization (H = 2.5 T, T < 1K, 4-mm microwave irradiation). The three basic scattering functions of contrast variation were derived by varying polarized neutron scattering with the polarization of target nuclei. They agree with results obtained from neutron scattering in H2O/D2O mixtures at room temperature. Furthermore, the proton spins appear to be polarized uniformly, at least to a structural resolution of 40 Å. This is an important prerequisite for the in situ structure determination of macromolecular labels in larger host particles.