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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
M. Gardani, C. Ronchi
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 107 | Number 4 | April 1991 | Pages 315-329
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE91-A23794
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The transport and release of radioactive fission products in nuclear fuels are described with detailed reaction-rate equations including intragranular precipitation, radiation re-solution, biased diffusion, and nuclear transmutations. An analytical procedure is found to solve these equations that makes it possible to calculate the release and redistribution of the radionuclides with greater accuracy and with much more speed than conventional numerical methods. The method was implemented in the computer code MITRA for the calculation of the radionuclide behavior during stationary and nonstationary reactor operating conditions. The structure of this code is described, and recalculations of experiments are presented. The analytical solutions of the rate equations are reported in the Appendix.