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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Jaques Reifman, John C. Lee
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 107 | Number 4 | April 1991 | Pages 291-314
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE91-A23793
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A pattern recognition algorithm has been developed for systematic generation of shallow knowledge for nuclear power plant transient diagnostics. The algorithm involves feature selection and pattern discovery. The selection of N best features is attained by discarding redundant and nondiscriminatory features. An entropy minimax algorithm is used to discover the patterns by searching an N-dimensional feature space, populated with transient events of the data base, to locate subspaces that discriminate among the event classes. These patterns are then represented as production rules for diagnostics. A series of approximations have been implemented in the algorithm to handle the discovery of patterns in multidimensional space. We have also developed a perturbation algorithm within the entropy minimax framework to update the patterns in an incremental fashion as new data are obtained. The Midland Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2 simulator is used to generate 144 single-failure events. Based on these events, 25 production rules are generated, representing a two-level hierarchical knowledge structure of single-failure events along the critical safety function approach. These rules represent the common characteristics of time-varying features over the diagnostic time, thereby providing diagnostic capability at any time during the transient.