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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Charles T. Rombough, Hans Toffer, Ralph D. Crowe, Todd J. Samuel
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 106 | Number 4 | December 1990 | Pages 489-493
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A23773
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Measurements and analysis demonstrate that self-powered fixed in-core detectors can be used to reliably measure the spatial distribution of the gamma flux in a large nuclear reactor in the shutdown state. Measurements were made at the Hanford N Reactor, a large graphite-moderated dual-purpose nuclear reactor that has been equipped with a state-of-the-art fixed in-core detector system consisting of rhodium and hafnium self-powered detectors. Although the system was designed for neutron flux measurements at power, the detectors can be used to measure the gamma flux distribution in the reactor while the reactor is shut down. Except for some flux peaks caused by known radiation sources, the spatial distribution can be related to the fuel burnup surrounding each detector. Subsequent measurements were made after the fuel was removed and it was found that the gamma flux decreased by an amount that was predicted from the first measurement. These measurements demonstrate that well-designed self-powered fixed in-core detectors can be used to extract meaningful information at power levels much smaller than previously thought. A fixed in-core detector system, in conjunction with commercially available signal collection equipment, can be used to accurately and reliably measure neutron and gamma flux distributions in nuclear reactors at power levels on the order of 0.1%.