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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
John R. White, Glenn A. Swanbon
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 105 | Number 2 | June 1990 | Pages 160-173
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A23745
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The development of a practical approach to higher order generalized perturbation theory (GPT) methods is documented. The method combines a direct correlation technique for obtaining a first-order estimate of the perturbed flux distribution with an explicit representation of second-order GPT for obtaining improved predictions of perturbed integral responses. The technique is easy to use and it does not require extensive methods development efforts; it simply relies on the manipulation of data from several direct perturbation runs and several adjoint computations (and this step can be fully automated). Demonstration cases using a pressurized water reactor benchmark model have verified the adequacy of the method for improving the practicality of using GPT in design applications. The best success to date has been for cases where only a few large localized variations are made. When changes are made at several locations throughout the model, the cancellation of large positive and negative effects tends to introduce increased error in the flux estimates. Current efforts are focused on methods to mitigate some of this numerical cancellation. Overall, the method shows good promise for improving on the use of first-order GPT for application to the core reload design problem.