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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Rizwan-uddin, J. J. Dorning
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 105 | Number 2 | June 1990 | Pages 123-135
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A23742
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The nonlinear periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic dynamics of a two-phase flow system are studied. The system comprises a vertical channel, heated through its side walls, into which a subcooled liquid enters at the bottom and a two-phase vapor-liquid mixture exits from the top. The system, which is driven by three time-dependent forcing functions (the variable inlet enthalpy, sidewall heat flux, and channel pressure drop), is studied as a nonautonomous nonlinear dynamical system. The numerical scheme used is developed by integrating some of the partial differential equations, first along their characteristics and then along the channel length. The resulting nonlinear functional differential equations are then solved using a special-purpose second-order numerical scheme that treats the complicated nonlinear multiple delay integrals that arise. The results of the numerical simulations and the subsequent analyses show that the nonlinear dyanamics of a nonautonomous heated channel are quite complicated and that this simple system can exhibit periodic, quasi-periodic, and quite frequently chaotic density wave oscillations.