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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
S. Fan, J. Rong, H. Zhang, Z. Zhao
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 144 | Number 3 | July 2003 | Pages 219-226
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE03-A2355
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The formation cross section of the nuclide production of proton-induced reactions with intermediate energy is important for a variety of applications. For instance, the mass and charge distribution of residual products produced in the spallation reactions needs to be studied because it can provide useful information for the disposal of nuclear waste and residual radioactivity generated by the spallation neutron target system. With our current work, we have developed the Many Stage Dynamical Model (MSDM) based on the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM). By introducing Mshnik's recent work on the CEM code, the MSDM code and the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) plus Statistical Decay Model (SDM) (QMD+SDM) and QMD plus FISSION (QMD+FISSION) models are adopted; we use them to investigate the mass distribution of Nb, Au, and Pb of proton-induced reactions with energies from 100 MeV to 3 GeV. The agreement between the developed MSDM simulations and the measured data as well as the QMD+FISSION model are good in the energy range of 100 MeV to 3 GeV, and deviations mainly show up in the mass range of 90 to 140 in the high energy of protons incident on the Au and Pb target for the MSDM and QMD+FISSION model simulations. The QMD+SDM can reproduce only part of the spallation fragments and cannot reproduce the fission fragments of the measured data.