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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. P. Gardner, M. Mickael, K. Verghese
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 98 | Number 1 | January 1988 | Pages 51-63
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE88-A23525
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new direction biasing approach to a target point and to finite detectors for Monte Carlo simulation is developed, presented, and tested. It properly accounts for the weight adjustments that must be made for the combined choice of a particular scattering (polar) and rotational (azimuthal) angle to obtain a given biasing angle about either a target point or a finite detector. Sample Monte Carlo simulations for a neutron transport problem with isotropic center-of-mass scattering and a gamma-ray transport problem with Klein-Nishina scattering have been done by both the analog and new direction biasing methods. The results indicate that the direction biasing approach is valid and will be very efficient for deep-penetration problems of these two types.