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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Ely M. Gelbard
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 54 | Number 3 | July 1974 | Pages 327-340
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE74-A23423
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Diffusion coefficients are computed for a typical lattice cell of the zero-power plutonium reactor experiments using the methods of Benoist and Bonalumi. It is noted that the diffusion coefficients, Dx, for leakage normal to the plates, as defined by Benoist and by Bonalumi, are both double valued. The spread between Benoist’s x-diffusion coefficient is, in the lattice cell, over half as large as the difference between Dx and Dy. Bonalumi’s x-diffusion coefficients are much farther apart, the interval between them being considerably larger than the difference between Dx and Dy. Neither the Benoist nor the Bonalumi method yields homogenized diffusion coefficients that preserve fluxes, reaction rates, or eigenvalues. Using an approach similar to that of Deniz, the diffusion coefficient is redefined and constructed in such a way as to guarantee that eigenvalues will be preserved in the homogenization process. The relation between the new diffusion coefficients and the Benoist coefficients is discussed.