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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Tatsuo Tabata, Rinsuke Ito
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 53 | Number 2 | February 1974 | Pages 226-239
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE74-A23346
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An algorithm to calculate the energy deposition distribution produced by monoenergetic fast electrons normally incident on the semi-infinite absorber is given. While the algorithm is based on an elementary relation that is also a basis of similar work by Kobetich and Katz, higher accuracy has been attained and the region of validity has been extended by using better approximations and new expressions for its evaluation. Empirical equations recently developed for the extrapolated range and the backscattering of electrons have been utilized, and the effect of bremsstrahlung production has been taken into account by the use of a modified Koch-Motz equation. Expressions for three adjustable parameters introduced into the algorithm have been determined by least-squares fit to published experimental and Monte Carlo results of the energy deposition distribution. The algorithm obtained is valid for incident energies from ∼0.1 to 20 MeV and for atomic numbers of the absorber from ∼5.3 (the effective atomic number for a light compound) to 82.