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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Daniel K. Butler
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 52 | Number 4 | December 1973 | Pages 492-494
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE73-A23319
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The mathematical difficulties that arise when discontinuous trial functions are substituted into functionals appropriate for continuous functions are investigated by formulating the problem in terms of the mathematically acceptable properties of step functions and their derivatives. The expectable mathematical difficulties are shown to appear in the form of integrals that do not have mathematically defined values. The difficulties can be averted by replacing the integrals with approximate expressions which yield the familiar expressions for coupling across discontinuities. The problem of overdetermining the coupling coefficients appears to be avoidable by consistent application of the approximation.