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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
S. Shalev, J. M. Cuttler
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 51 | Number 1 | May 1973 | Pages 52-66
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE73-A23257
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A high-pressure 3He proportional counter has been developed with good energy resolution for fast neutrons, and detailed descriptions are given of its construction and calibration and the determination of its response function. The spectrometer was used to measure the delayed-neutron energy distribution for samples of 232Th, 233U, 235U, 238U, and 239Pu repetitively irradiated in the Israel Research Reactor-1. Irradiation and counting times were optimized to accentuate group 2 and group 4 delayed neutrons. Corrections were applied for the finite energy resolution, for the energy-dependent detection efficiency and for spectrum distortion due to gamma rays. An approximate energy spectrum was obtained for group-1 delayed neutrons, and more precise spectra were obtained for group-2 delayed neutrons from each of the samples investigated. Preliminary results are also given for group-4 delayed neutrons from 232 Th and 235 U.