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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. M. Rubin
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 47 | Number 2 | February 1972 | Pages 221-224
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE72-A22399
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The exposure angular distributions above various ring isotropic and disk isotropic 60Co sources have been calculated in a constant density air medium and compared to Monte Carlo calculations and experimental data for the same sources located at the interface between air and ground. The effect of the interface for ring sources is found to be very similar to the expected results for point sources. For disk sources, the interface effects on the exposure angular distribution are presented as a ratio which has a simple exponential dependence on the cosine of the angle. The results for a very large disk (infinite plane isotropic source) yield correction factors to the assumption that earth can be treated as condensed air.