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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
David B. Reister
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 46 | Number 2 | November 1971 | Pages 197-202
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE71-A22353
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Optimum upper and lower flux bounds are sought for a general space-time reactor problem. The bounds are much narrower than previous bounds. Each bound is a sum of the products of known spatial modes and unknown time-dependent amplitude functions. To determine a bound, the amplitude functions must satisfy certain inequalities given by a comparison theorem of the Nagumo-Westphal type. An optimum bound is one that satisfies the inequalities and minimizes a “payoff function. In this paper, the payoff function is the weighted average of the magnitude of the bound at several points in the reactor. It is shown that an optimum bound can be determined by solving a linear programming problem at each time step. (Linear programming can be used even if there is feedback and the problem is nonlinear.) Using linear programming theory it is shown that an optimum bound always exists, although it may not be unique. Furthermore, an optimum bound satisfies the original space-time equation at each point in the reactor sampled by the payoff function. In an example, narrow bounds are determined for a difficult example in which the spatial shape of the flux changes radically with time.