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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
W. K. Hagan, B. L. Colborn, T. W. Armstrong, M. Allen
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 98 | Number 3 | March 1988 | Pages 272-278
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE88-A22328
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Neutron shielding calculations for a 70- to 250-MeV proton cancer therapy facility have been carried out using the High Energy Transport Code and the one-dimensional discrete ordinates code ANISN. Calculations were performed for iron and water targets with incident proton energies of 150, 200, and 250 MeV. The angular dependence of the neutron spectrum was taken into account by averaging and reporting the spectrum in angular bins of 0 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 45, 45 to 60, 60 to 90, and 90 to 180 deg relative to the forward direction of the protons. Each of these various spectra was used as the source spectrum for an individual ANISN run in which the source was placed at the center of a sphere of typical concrete (i.e., density of 2.3 g/cm3) and the dose equivalent per proton was calculated as a function of radius. These calculations differ from previous work primarily in the method used to calculate the neutron spectrum due to the interaction of the protons with the target and the transport cross sections used in the ANISN calculations.