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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
M. K. Moallemi, R. Viskanta
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 98 | Number 3 | March 1988 | Pages 209-225
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE88-A22323
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model has been developed to predict the thermal hydraulics in the uncovered part of a pressurized water reactor core. The core is considered to be a heterogeneous porous medium with different permeabilities and effective thermal conductivities in the radial and axial directions. The flow in the core is modeled by the Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy equations. The dependence of the thermophysical properties of the coolant (steam-hydrogen mixture) and the fuel rods with temperature is accounted for. Oxidation of the Zircaloy is also modeled, and transport of the generated hydrogen in the uncovered portion of the reactor core is considered. The effects of the thermal boundary condition at the outlet of the core (i.e., at the upper tie plate) are studied and reported. Partial blockage of the core due to the mechanical failure and/or melting of some of the fuel rods is also modeled, and its effects on the thermal hydraulics of the core are studied and discussed. Numerical simulations are reported for the Three Mile Island Unit 2 reactor conditions. The results show that the flow field in the core is affected by exothermic heat release as well as by a decrease of the coolant density due to the Zircaloy cladding oxidation. In addition, the results show that there is entrapment of the coolant from the upper plenum into the core. The partial blockage of the core was found to have a profound influence on the heatup of the core.