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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
W. B. Howard, S. M. Grimes, T. N. Massey, S. I. Al-Quraishi, D. K. Jacobs, C. E. Brient, J. C. Yanch
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 138 | Number 2 | June 2001 | Pages 145-160
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE01-A2206
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The thick-target neutron energy spectra of the 9Be(p,n) reaction were measured at several angles for proton-bombarding energies of 3.0, 3.4, 3.7, 4.0, and 5.0 MeV. Time-of-flight techniques were used to determine the neutron energy spectra and to discriminate against background radiation. By using lithium-loaded glass scintillators and low proton pulse rate frequency, the neutron spectra have been determined at energies as low as 70 keV. The detectors were calibrated for efficiency using the neutron spectrum of the Al(d,n) reaction, which was accurately measured using fission chamber detectors.