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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Thomas E. Booth
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 138 | Number 1 | May 2001 | Pages 96-103
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE01-A2204
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
It is well known that zero-variance Monte Carlo solutions are possible if an exact importance function is available to bias the random walks. Geometric convergence with iteration has been demonstrated when the importance function estimated on the n'th iteration is used to bias the random walks on the n + 1st iteration, i.e., adaptive importance sampling. Note that geometric convergence with iteration may be less efficient than a nonadaptive Monte Carlo calculation if the time per iteration grows too fast. This paper shows a general method for sampling the zero-variance kernels enabling a Monte Carlo solution that converges inversely with the computer time.