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Fusion Science and Technology
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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
N. Authier, J. P. Both, J. C. Nimal
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 137 | Number 2 | February 2001 | Pages 146-155
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE01-A2181
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
New biasing sampling schemes for the "once-more-collided-flux-at-a-point" method for gamma calculations are studied. This technique, designed by Kalos, Steinberg, Kalli, and Cashwell, for neutron point flux estimation cannot be directly applied to photon transport problems. Because of the different interaction processes, it is shown that even if the mean and second moment remain bounded, very large variations of the scoring weights occur for specific collision deviations, which leads again to jumps of mean and variance. Two biasing methods are proposed for the resampled postcollision direction and the next deterministic collision to treat the anisotropic behavior of the coherent scattering that is the main cause of instability. The method is tested on an MCNP4A benchmark. This new treatment of the point flux estimation has been integrated in the TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo code. Note that no bias results are achieved with CPU costs, which reserves this method for reference calculations.